Milia are small, benign cysts that commonly appear as tiny, white or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. They can be seen in all ages and both sexes. They are typically found on the face, particularly around the eyes, cheeks, and nose, but can also occur on other parts of the body. Milia are formed when dead skin cells and keratin (a skin protein) together get trapped in small pockets beneath the skin’s surface, often due to the blockage of  different gland ducts or hair follicles.

  • The exact causes of milia are not fully understood, but the following factors may contribute to their development:
  • Skin trauma: Burns, injuries, or blistering can lead to the formation of milia.
  • Long-term sun damage: Excessive sun exposure can cause skin damage and increase the likelihood of developing milia.
  • Skin abuse done by using steroid creams or ointments for a long period of time.
  • Can also be a symptom of genetic condition.
  • Certain skin conditions: Milia can occur in association with some skin conditions, such as bullous pemphigoid or porphyria cutanea tarda.
  • Use of heavy skin care products: Using greasy or heavy cosmetics, lotions, or creams may contribute to the clogging of pores and the formation of milia.
  • Symptoms of milia:
  • White to yellow coloured bumps on the face
  • Asymptomatic in nature with no pain or discomfort.
  • May appear singular or in groups on the skin.
  • Treatment:

Treatment options for milia primarily involve their removal, although they often resolve on their own over time. Here are some common approaches to milia treatment:

  • Deroofing with extraction: A dermatologist can manually remove milia by using a sterile needle or lancet to create a tiny incision and extract the contents of the cysts. This should only be performed by a trained professional to avoid infection or scarring.
  • Topical retinoids: Prescription-strength creams or ointments containing retinoids, such as tretinoin, may be used to help exfoliate the skin and promote the shedding of dead cells, which can aid in the resolution of milia.
  • Chemical peels: Mild chemical peels containing alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) or salicylic acid can help remove dead skin cells and unclog pores, potentially leading to the disappearance of milia.
  • Cryotherapy: In some cases, cryotherapy, which involves freezing the milia with liquid nitrogen, may be used to destroy the cysts and allow the skin to heal.
  • Laser ablation: A small laser focuses on the affected areas to remove the cysts.
  • Prevention and self-care: Taking preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing milia. Avoid using heavy or greasy cosmetics and opt for non-comedogenic or oil-free products. Properly cleanse and exfoliate your skin regularly to remove dead skin cells and unclog pores.

It is advisable to consult a dermatologist or healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance to create an appropriate treatment plan for your specific situation. They can provide personalized recommendations based on the severity and location of the milia.